An important personality and their contribution to Indian history
Annie Besant 1847-1933
• He founded the Theosophical Society in India and started the Home Rule League.
• Established Hindu Middle School and College in Banaras (later Bill)).
• President of the Calcutta Session of the INC, AD 1917.
• He did not attend the AD 1920 Session in Nagpur due to growing differences with Gandhiji as he heard that the Indian Government Act, 1919 was a way to liberate India.
• Newspapers - New India and Commonweal.
• He edited the Lotus Song, a translation of 'Gita' into English.
Acharya Narendra Dev 1889-1956
• He was a scholar, a socialist, a nationalist and a lawyer by profession. He gave up his habit and joined the Non Co-operation Movement.
• He became President of the Patna Social Conference in 1934 and became a member of the UP Legislation Assembly in 1937.
• He was appointed Principal of Kashi Vidyapeeth in 1925 and Vice-Chancellor of Lucknow and Banaras University.
• He founded the Socialist Party in 1948.
Acharya Prafulla Chandra Ray 1861-1944
• He was a pioneer in chemistry research in India. His book ‘History of Hindu Chemistry’ was published in 1902.
• Research work in Ayurveda with French Chemist Berthelot.
• President of the Indian Science Congress in 1920.
Achyut S Patwardhan 1905-1971
• Member of the founder of the Congress Socialist Party and active participant in the Quit India Movement.
• He left politics after independence.
Ajit Singh
• He was a nationalist activist who was arrested in 1907 and deported to Mandalay.
• He founded the Barat Mata Society and introduced the magazine, Pesha.
• Active member of Ghadar Party.
AK Fazlul Haq
• Founder of the All India Muslim League and its member from 1916 to 1921.
• Represent the league at three Round Table meetings.
• He founded the Krishak Praja faction in 1937 and served as Prime Minister of Bengal from 1938-43.
Amir Chand 1869-1915
• He was a revolutionary activist and collaborated with Lala Hardayal and Ras Behari Bose.
• He was arrested in connection with the Lahore Bomb and Delhi Conspiracy cases.
• He was accused of throwing a bomb at Lord Hardinge and was sentenced to death.
Amritlal Vithalal Thakkar 1869-1951
• Social activist, founder of the Bill Seva Mandal and member of Baratiya Adamjati Sangh (national welfare organization).
• He also served as Secretary of Harijan Sevak Sangh.
Anand Mohan Bose 1847-1906
• Member of the founding member of the Indian Association of Calcutta (1876), Indian National Conference (1883) and Indian National Congress (1885).
• Presided over the Sadras Session of the INC (1898).
Aruna Asaf Ali 1909-1996
• Named Aruna Ganguli, she married Asaf Ali, India's first Ambassador to the USA.
• He was imprisoned during the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930, 1932) and participated in the Individual Satyagrah (1940).
• In 1942, he lifted the tricolor of the Indian National Congress Flag at Mumbai Tank Grounds in Mumbai.
• He was elected the first Mayor of Delhi, in 1958.
• He was awarded the Lenin International Award in 1964.
• Newspapers (with Edanta Narayana and AV Baliga) - Link with Patriot.
Bhagat Singh 1907-1931
• Member of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army.
• Started Militant Naujawan Bharat Sabha in Punjab.
• He assassinated British Official Saunders in 1928 and became involved in the Lahore Conspiracy and bombed the Central Legislative Assembly.
• He was killed on March 23, 1931.
Badruddin Tyabji 1844-1906
• He was the first Barrister in Bombay.
• He was appointed at Bombay Bench in 1895 and 1902 and became the Second Chief Justice of India.
• He promoted Tilak's case in a coup d'état in a new laters journal, Caesar.
• Founder of the Bombay Legislative Council (1882) and INC (1885).
• Presided over the third INC Session in Madras.
• He focused on modern Islamic architecture and served as President of Anjuman-i-Islam in Bombay.
Baliram Keshav Rao Hedgewar 1899-1940
• He had a doctorate degree and was an active member of the ANC. He also participated in Tilak’s Home Rule Movement.
• Established Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh on September 27, 1925.
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay 1833- 1894
• He was a great scholar best known for the composition or hymn Bande Mataram.
• His first novel was Durgesnandini, published in 1864. He also started a Bangadarsan magazine.
Barindra Kumar Ghosh 1880-1959
• He was a revolutionary activist and a founder of a secret society. Anushilan Samiti, started in Calcutta in 1902.
• He also helped introduce the Yugantar weekly.
• He was sentenced to life imprisonment in 190b but was released in 1919, then joined The Statesman and Basumati.
Behramji M Malabari 1853-1912
• He was a famous scholar and a social reformer.
• She worked for a purpose or women and through her efforts the Age of Consent Act (1891) was passed.
• He condemned child marriage and widowhood in his book Notes on Infant Marnage and Enforced Widowhood (1884).
• He founded a social organization known as Server Sadan.
• His works include Nitivinod (1875), Indian Muse in English Garb (1876), and Gujarat and Gujarati’s.
Bulabhai Desai 1877-1946
• Participated in the Domestic Law Movement (1916) and was arrested during the Disobedience Organization.
• He represented the INC in the Legislature of the Central Council for nine years.
• Developed a Desai-Liaqat formula in 1944 for negotiations with the Society.
• Encouraged sides of prisoners during the INA trial
Chandra Shekhar Azad 1906-1931
• He was a prominent revolutionary activist, a member of the Hindustan Republican Association and a leader of the Hindustan Social Republican Army.
• He received his nickname “Azad” during the Non Co-operation Movement during his arrest and the court asked his name, and he repeatedly replied “Azad”.
• He was involved in the 1925 Kakori Conspiracy, Second Lahore Conspiracy, Delhi Conspiracy, the assassination of Saunders in Lahore and the Central Assembly bomb episod
• He shot himself during a fight with police in Alfred Park in Allahabad.
Chhakravarti Rajagopalachari 1879-1972
• He was a politician and lawyer for Tamil Nadu.
• He stopped his practice during the NCM.
• He held the position of Secretary-General of the INC in 1921-1922 and was a member of the Congress Working Committee from 1922 to 1924.
• He raised the CDM in Tamil Nadu and was arrested for leading Salt March from Trichinopoly to Vedaranniyam on the coast of Tanjore.
• He was elected Prime Minister of Madras in the 1937 election.
• He left the INC in 1942 for not accepting Cripp’s proposal.
• Prepared CR Formula for Congress-League Co-operation.
• He served as Governor of Bengal (August-November 1947) and became the first and last Governor-General of India (1948-50).
• He became the Minister of Home Affairs in the country's first Cabinet.
• He founded the Swatantra Party in 1959.
• His rational ideas are reflected in the Satyameva Jayate collection.
• He was awarded the 'Bharat Ratna' in 1954.
CR Das 1870-1925
• A professional lawyer, defending Aurobindo in the Alipur Bomb Conspiracy case.
• He was a member of the Conference Committee of Inquiry into the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.
• He founded the All India Swaraj Party in 1923.
• He was elected the first Mayor of the Calcutta Co-operation in 1924.
• Prepared Das Formula for Hindu-Muslim Co-operation.
• He was nicknamed Deshbandhu Chittaranjan.
• His works include Malancha in 1895 (poetry), Mala in 1904, Antaryami in 1915, Kishore-Kishoree and Sagar-Sangit in 1913.
• Newspapers / Journal - Narayana (monthly Bengali) and Phambili.
Dadabhai Naoroji 1825-1917
• First seeking 'Swaraj' at the INC's Calcutta Session, 1906.
• Title - "Indian Gladstone", "Grand Old Man of lndia '.
• The first Indian to be elected to the "House of Doors" with a Liberal Party ticket.
• Emphasized the extinction of Indian wealth by the British and its effect on his book "Poverty and un-British Rule in India" (1901).
Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar 1891-1956
• The leader of the depraved class and the law.
• He founded the Depressed Classes Institute (1924) and Samaj Samata Sangh (1927).
• Established a networking college on behalf of the Peoples Education Society.
• Participated in all Third Round Table conferences and signed Poona Pact with Gandhiji in 1932.
• He served on the Governor-General's Council from 1942 to 1946 and organized the Indian Labor Party and the Chededed Caste Federation.
• Chair of the Writing Committee of the Constitution of India.
• As the first Minister of Justice of Independent India, he introduced the Hindu Code Bill.
• He started the 'Republican Party' in 1956.
• Towards the end of his life, he embraced Buddhism.
Dr. Rajendra Prasad 1884-1963
• Participated in the Swadeshi Movement (established by Bihari Students, Conference), Champaran Satyagrah, NCM, CDM and Quit India Movement.
• He founded the National College in Patna.
• Minister in charge of Food and Agriculture in the Interim Government (1946).
• President of the Judiciary.
• First President of the Republic of India.
• He was honored with the 'Bharat Ratna' in 1962.
• Newspaper - Desh (Hindi weekly).
Dr. Zakir Hussain 1897-1969
• Hyderabad scholar and nationalist, Hussain was a student of Mohammadadan Anglo-Oriented College in Aligarh.
• Appointed as Vice-Chancellor of Jamia University at the age of 29 years.
• In 1937, he participated in the National Conference on Education in Wardha.
• He was elected Vice-Chancellor of Aligarh Muslim University in 1948 and was elected to the UNESCO Executive Council.
• He served as the 3rd President of the Indian Union and was honored with the Bharat Ratna in 1963.
• Translated Plato's Republic and Edwin Cannan's Elementary Political Economy also wrote a book entitled Die Botschaft des Mahatma Gandhi in German. Dynamic University contains his addresses during call ceremonies. She also wrote a book on short children's stories, entitled Ruqayya Rehana.
UDhondo Keshav Karve 1858-1962
• A social worker and an academic who worked to uplift women.
• He founded the Vidhva Vivahottejak Mandali (Association for the Promotion of Widow Marriage) in 1893 called Vidhwa Vivaha Pratibandh Nivarak Mandali in 1895.
• Other institutions include Mahisasuramardini (home of widows) in 1898, Mahila Vidyalaya, Nishkam Karma Math Monastery of Disinterested Work in 1908, Indian Women’s University in 1916 and Samata Sangh in 1944.
• Given to Padma Vibhushan 'in 1955 and' Bharat Ratna in 1958.
Dinbandhu Mitra 1830-1873
• He was a Bengali writer who highlighted the cause of Indigo growers with his play ‘Neel Darpan Natakam’, published in 1860.
• The play was translated into English by Madhu Sudan Dutt.
Durgabai Deshmukh 1909-1981
• She was known as the "Iron Lady."
• He organized Salt Satyagrah during a CDM in Madras and was arrested.
• He was a member of the Constituent Assembly.
• He was awarded the Tamrapatra and the Paul Hoffman Award after independence for honoring his service to the community.
• His social work includes the establishment of Andhra Mahila Sabha (1941), Andhra Education Society, Sri Venkateswar College at Delhi University, Central Society welfare Board and edited Andhra Mahila magazine.
Gopal Krishna Gokhale 1886-1915
• Gandhiji regarded him as his political leader.
• The President or Sanaras Session of the INC, 1905, supported the Swadeshi Movement.
• He founded the Servants of Indian Society in 1905, to train people to serve as national missionaries.
Gopal Hari Deshmukh ‘Lokahitwadi’ 1823-1892
• He was a social reformer of Maharashtra.
• He founded the Punar Vivah Mandal in Ahmedabad to promote the remarriage of a widow.
• He wrote an article for the Maharashtra weekly newspaper, Prabhakar, under the title, Lokhitwadi.
• He assisted with the launch of books such as Jhan Prakash, Indu Prakash and Lokhitwadi and started the weekly 'Hitechchhu' in Gujarati and English.
Govind Ballabh Pant 1889-1961
• Participated in the uprising of the Simon Commission, the CDM and the Quit India Movement.
• He was the first UP Prime Minister and prepared the “Pant Report” for agricultural changes at UP.
• Complete the Zamindari program at UP.
• He was elected Minister of Home Affairs in 1955 and is the recipient of the 'Bharat Ratna'.
Indulal Yagnik 1892-1972
• He was a freedom fighter and a journalist from Gujarat.
• Participated in the Home Rule Movement and in Kaira Satyagrah.
• He was a member of the Antyaj Seva Mandal and founded national children's schools.
• Presided over Akhil Hindu Kisan Sabha in 1942.
• He founded Gujarat Vidyapeeth and founded Maha Gujarat Janta Parishad after independence.
Newspapers / Magazines - Navjivan Ane Satya (monthly), Nutan Gujarat (daily)
Jawaharlal Nehru 1889-1964
• The Secretary-General of the INC in 1928 and its President in 1929.
• The Independence Declaration was passed under his Presidency at the Lahore Session.
• First Prime Minister of the Republic of India (from 1947 to 1964), also known as the architect of Modern India.
• He wrote the Doctrine of the Panchseel and believed in a system of inconsistencies.
• Books - 'The Discovery of India', 'Glimpses of the world, History', 'A Bunch of Old Letters', 'The Unity of India', 'Independence and After', 'India and the world' etc.
• His historical record was entitled "Autobiography".
Jamnalal Bajaj 1889-1942
• A businessman and freedom fighter from Rajasthan, was awarded the title of Rai Bahadur in 1921.
• Founded Gandhi Seva Sangha, Gau Seva Sangha, Sasta Sahitya Mandal and assisted in the establishment of Satygrah Ashram in Wardha.
• He gave Gandhiji a village in Seagon which he renamed Sevagram.
• He lived as an asset or INC for the rest of his life.
Jayaprakash Narayana 1902-1979
• A freedom fighter from Bihar, better known as Loknayak.
• He was a follower of Marxist philosophy and advocated for the inclusion of heavy industry in the country and the abolition of Zamindari.
• He joined the INC at the behest of Nehru and was arrested during the CDM.
• He founded the All India Socialist Party in 1934.
• He actively participated in the Quit India Movement and was arrested.
• Join the Bhoodan Movement for Vinoba Bhave.
• In 1975, he protested against the National Emergency and formed the Janata Party.
Jatindra Nath Das 1904-1929
• A revolutionary and liberation activist from Bengal, was arrested for his involvement in the Lahore Conspiracy Case case.
• He died in prison after observing 63 days of fasting, seeking better living conditions for Indian prisoners.
Jyotiba Phule 1827-1890
• Maharashtra Social Worker, working to uplift the lower castes.
• He opposed the Brahmins movement like Prathana Samaj and Sarvajanik Sabha as they were concerned about the upper Varna only Phule who wanted to incorporate the Hindu religion with the "Sarvajanik Ishwar Pranit Satya".
• He founded the Satyasadhak Samaj in 1873 to teach the common people and wrote the Sarvajanik Satyadharma Pustak.
Kalpana Dull 1913-1978
• A former Bangal rebel woman was influenced by Surya Sen, which is why she joined the Chittagong Republican Army.
• He was sentenced to life imprisonment for participating in Chittagong Armory Raids.
• After his release in 1936, he joined the Communist Party of India.
Kanahiyalal Manaklal Munshi 1887-1971
• Gujarat freedom fighter and lawyer, participated in Salt Satyagrah and CDM as a member of Congress.
• He was appointed Minister of Home Affairs Bombay in the 1937 election.
He was also arrested during the time of individual Satyagrah (1940).
• He was a member of the Constituent Assembly.
• He played a key role in uniting Hyderabad and the Indian Union.
• Former Minister of Food Unions in 1952 Cabinet, and UP Governor (1953-58).
• In 1960, he joined the Swatantra Party.
• Magazines / journals- Bhargava, Gujarat, Social Welfare, Journal.
• Books —'I Follow the Mahatma ',' The Art of Creating or Living ',' Akhand Hindustan, and the Journey to Freedom '.
Kasturba Gandhi 1869-1944
• Freedom fighter and wife of K Gandhi's wife, better known as "Ba".
• She supported Gandhi in all her political endeavors and became the first woman imprisoned by the British in the Transvaal.
• He was arrested during the Quit India Movement in 1942 and died in Poona Prison two years later.
Khudiram Bose 1889-1908
• Transformation from Midnapore, he joined the Swadeshi Movement and later joined the Revolutionary Party of Bangal.
• Arrested for organizing a bomb attack on a Kingsford truck, a Session Judge in Muzaffarpur (Bihar) was sentenced to death.
Khan Ahdul Ghaffar Khan 1890-1988
• Title - Frontier Gandhi, Badshah Khan or Sarhadi Gandhi, Fakhar-e-Afghan.
• He founded a non-violent rebel group known as the "red shirt" or "Khudai Khidmatgars".
• Participated in NCM, CDM and Quit India.
• Newspaper - Pakhtoon (Pushto), later published as Das Roza.
• He was honored with the 'Bharat Ratna' in 1987.
Lakshminath Bezbarua 1868-1938
• An Assam writer, he started his journal Janaki in 1889 and also wrote the Assamese national anthem.
Lala Hardayal 1884-1939
• The transformation from Delhi, took the Indian liberation movement to another country to gain international support through the liberation movement
• He was the first President of the Ghadar Party founded in San Francisco in 1913.
• Established an Independent Indian Indian Committee and the Oriental Bureau to translate texts into the local language.
• Books - Wealth of Nations, and Hints for Self Culture.
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad 1890-1958
• Joined the INC during the Swadeshi Movement.
• President of the Kilafat Committee. He presided over the Congress Special Session in Delhi in 1923, to become the youngest President. And the longest serving President of the INC.
• He led Jamiat-ul-Ulema (1924), the Nationalist Muslim Conference, Shimla Conference (1945) and consulted with the Cabinet in 1946.
• He was elected a member of the Constituent Assembly in 1946 and became the Minister of Education and the Arts in the Interim Government.
• First Minister of Education of Independent India. Also presented portfolios of natural resources and scientific research.
Given on the basis of UGC, AICTE and IIT Kharagpur.
• Book - 'India Wins Freedom'.
Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari 1880-1936
• The UP freedom fighter and surgeon, helped organize the All-India Medical Mission to Turkey in 1912-13.
• Participated in the Home Rule Movement, NCM and the Khilafat Movement.
• He was elected Secretary-General of Congress in 1927 and President of the General Assembly and Assembly in 1928.
• He also helped establish the Jamia Millia Islamia in 1920.
Madam Bhikaji Cama 1861-1936
• He was a freedom fighter from Mumbai.
• Participated in the Socialist Congress in Stuttgart in 1907.
• He founded the Free India Society and Bande Mataram.
Madan Lal Dhingra 1887-1909
• The Punjab reformer, was a member of the Indian Home Rule Society, Abhinav Bharata and India Houses.
• Sentenced to death for killing Sir William Curzon Wyllie, Advisor to the Secretary of State of India during a public service at the Imperial Institute, London.
Madan Mohan Malaviya 1861-1946
• A balanced leader and a professional lawyer, serving in the provincial legislature and in the middle of most terms.
• Through his efforts a monument was erected in the Jallianwala Bagh area.
• He founded the Nationalist Party in 1926.
• Appointed Vice-Chancellor of Banaras Hindu University.
• Served as editor of Hindustan, Judea and Indian Union.
Margaret Elizabeth Noble (Sister Nivedita 1867-1911)
• An Irish woman, Elizabeth met Vivekananda in 1890 and was inspired by him, joined Mission Ramakrishna and became a nun. She has worked as a social changer for the betterment of women. He organized relief efforts during the plague in 1899 and during the famine in Bengal of 1905. He authored articles - The Master as I Saw Him and The Web of Indian Life.
Motilal Nehru 1861-1931
• A professional lawyer, Motilal became an active supporter of the Home Rule Movement in 1916 and started the magazine 'The Independent'.
• He led the ANC Commission of Inquiry into the killings of the Jallianwala Bagh people.
• He stopped his practice during the NCM and was arrested following a visit to Prince Wales.
• He founded the Swarajya Party and CR Das.
• He renamed Anand Bhawan as Swaraj Bhawan and gave it to Congress.
Muhammad Iqbal 1873-1938
• He was a famous poet and a lawyer by profession.
• Joined the Muslim League and presided over its Allahabad Session in 1930.
• He was the first to give a different view of the Islamic State.
• He composed the song, "Share Jahan Se Achha."
Mohammad All Jinnah 1876-1948
• He was inspired by the ideas or Gopal Krishna Gokhale.
• In 1906, he signed a memorandum against various Muslim voters.
• He joined the All-India Muslim League in 1913 and played a major role in signing or Lucknow Pact.
• In 1917, she joined Annie Besant's Home Rule Movement.
• His disagreements with Congress began after Gandhiji's entry into Congress. He opposes Gandhiji's NCM.
• In 1929, he raised up His Fourteen Police Officers.
• The Lahore Session of Muslim League (194o) passed the "Pakistan Declaration" demanding a separate Islamic state. Jinnah stuck to the League's quest for all negotiations with Britain, and in the end, Pakistan was formed.
• He became the first Governor-General of Pakistan.
Pherozeshah Mehta 1845-1915
• He was a balanced leader in Bombay.
• He rejected the Ilbert Bill in 1883.
• He was appointed Vice-Chancellor of Bombay University in 1915.
• Presided over the Lahore Session of Congress (1907) after the Surat Split.
• He was given the title "The Unveiled King of Bombay".
• He started a newspaper, ‘The Bombay Chronicle’ and founded the Central Bank of India.
Rabindranath Tagore 1861-1941
• He was a poet, philosopher, scholar, internationalist, and patriotic.
• He has an older brother, Satyendranath Tagore, who is the first Indian to become ICS.
• His first poem was published in 'Amrit Bazar Patrika' and he wrote 'Banaphul' (story and 'Banusinher Padavali' (a series of words).
• Founded Shantiniketan near Bolpore on December 22, 1901.
• He wrote 'Gitanjali', which won him the Nobel Peace Prize in 1913.
• He opened the Raksha Bandhan festival against the Bengal Order (1905).
• Founded Vishva Bharati University.
• In 1915, the British crown gave him the knighthood he left behind at the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.
• His songs were nominated by two nations as National Music
(i) India - Jana Gana Mana
(ii) Bangladesh - Amar Shonar Bangla
President Amrit Kaur 1889-1964
• The Punjab freedom fighter, participated as a Congress activist in Satyagrah in the 1930s. He was arrested during the Quit India Movement.
• He was appointed the first Minister of Health in India, after independence.
• She founded the Indian Council of Child Welfare and was a founding member of the All India Women's Conference.
Ram Manohar Lohia 1910-1968
• He was a founding member of the Congress Socialist Party (1934) and edited the magazine, ‘Congress Socialist’.
• He played a key role in building the external relations of the Congress Party.
• He founded the Socialist Party of India after Independence and worked to promote Hindi as a National Language.
Ram Prasad Bismil 1897-1927
• Change from Uttar Pradesh, he was a member of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
• Sentenced to the Kakori Mail Dacoity Case (August 9, 1925).
• His most famous song is "Sarforoshi ki Tamanna ab hamare dil mein hai".
Rani Gaidinliu 1915-1981
• He was the national leader of Nagaland.
• He organized a Britisher uprising in Manipur. He was arrested in 1932 and released only after his release.
• JL Nehru gave him the title "Rani of the Naga".
Ras Behari Bose 1886-1945
A Bengali convert, Bose organized many private activities in UP, Delhi and Punjab at a young age.
• He joined the Hardinge Bomb Case and the Lahore Conspiracy Case and later escaped to Japan.
• He founded the Indian Muslim League and organized its first session in Bangkok in 1942.
• He also served as President of the Working Council on the establishment of the INA, and later dedicated it to Subash Chandra Bose.
• Bose died in Tokyo on January 21, 1945.
Sachindra Nath Sanyal 1895-1945
• Ras Behari Bose's friend, Sanyal organized a 7th Rajput Regiment military coup in the United States.
• He was a founding member of the Hindustan Republican Association and was sentenced to life imprisonment in the Kakori Conspiracy Case in 1925.
Sachidananda Sinha 1871-1950
• A lawyer and scholar from Bihar, Sinha joined Congress in 1899 as a moderate leader.
• He participated in the Home Rule League Movement and served as a member of the Executive Council of the Bihar and Orissa governments in 1921.
• He held the position of Vice-Chancellor of Patna University from 1936 to 1944.
• He was the Interim President of the Indian Electoral Council.
• He published a magazine, 'Indian Nation' and edited 'Hindustan Review'.
Subash Chandra Bose 1897-1945
• He passed the Indian Civil Services Examination in 1920 in England but left it at Gandhiji's NCM phone.
• He founded the Independence for India League with JL Nehru.
• Elected President of the INC in Haripura Session (1938) and Tripuri Session (1939) in his cabinet resigned from Tripuri due to disagreements with Gandhiji.
• He founded Forward Block (1939) and Kisan Sabha.
• He fled to Berlin in 1941 and met Hitler. He replaced the Indian Army (Azad Hind Fauz) in 1943 in Singapore and established the Indian Government Currently there.
• Addressed Mahatma Gandhi as “Father of the Nation.”
• He reportedly died in a plane crash in 1945.
• Slogans - “Dilli Chalo” and “Jai Hind”.
• Human life history - ‘The Indian struggle’.
Sarojini Naidu 1879-1949
• Best known as the "Nightingale of India", he was a Uttar Pradesh activist and poet.
• She was married to Dr. Govindarajulu Naidu in 1893.
• Under the leadership of Gopal Krishna Gokhale, she became the first woman to take part in India's liberation struggle.
• Participated in Dandi March with Gandhiji and presided over the Kanpur Session of Congress in 1925.
• She was the first woman to be Governor of Uttar Pradesh State.
• His famous poems include - The Golden Threshold (1905), The Feather of the Dawn; The Bird of Time (1912) and The Broken Wing (1917).
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan 1888-1975
• Scholar from Tamil Nadu. Radhakrishnan was associated with many educational institutions in India.
• Served as Vice-Chancellor of Andhra University (1931) and Banaras Hindu University (1942).
• He gave lectures on theology and philosophy at the universities of Chicago, Manchester, London and Oxford, among others.
• He was the leader of the Indian delegation to UNESCO from 1946-50, its chairman in 1948 and the President of the UNESCOs University Education Commission in 1952.
• Re-elected Vice-President of International PEN.
• In 1962, he represented Calcutta University in Congress of Philosophy at Harvard University.
• He was twice elected as the Vice President of India (1952-56 and 1957-62) and served as President of the nation from 1962 to 1967.
• His birthday (5th September), is celebrated as ‘Teacher’s Day’.
• His works include - The Ethics of the Vedanta and its Material Presupposition (1908); The Philosophy of Rabindranath Tagore (1918): A Positive View of Life (1932); Eastern Religion and Western thought: Indian and Kalki philosophy on the future of civilization.
Vinayak Damodar Savarkar 1883-1966
• He was a poet, a scholar, a social worker, a historian, and one of the first insurgents in Maharashtra.
• He founded Mitra Mela (Assembly of friends) in 1889 and renamed it Abhinav Bharat, Society (New India Society) in 1904.
• He founded the Free India Society in London in 1906.
• He described the 1857 Revolution as the first war or independence in his book, ‘Indian war of Independence’.
• He was arrested for his involvement in the Nasik Conspiracy Case case.
• He was elected President of the Hindu Mahasabha in 1937.
Vallabhbhai Patel 1875-1950
• Gujarat freedom fighter and social reformer, better known as Sardar Pater and was honored with the title “The Iron Man of India”.
• His father, Jhaverbhai Pate), had to fight in the battle of Rani of Jhansi in the 1857 Revolt.
• He started Kheda or Kaira Satyagrah in 1918 fighting for the rights of farmers in Bardoli Satyagrah. Here, he was honored with the title "Sardar".
• He became the first national leader to be imprisoned during the Civil Disobedience Movement.
• Participated in Gandhi’s Individual Satyagrah and Quit India Movement.
• At the time of independence, he was appointed as the First Deputy Prime Minister of India and the positions of the Department of Information and Broadcasting and the Department of Home Affairs.
• Has played a major role in uniting 562 provinces in the Indian Union.
Vithalbhai Patel 1871-1933
• A freedom fighter from Gujarat and Vallabhbhai Patel's older brother, Vithalbhai rebelled against Gandhiji's leadership over the NCM abortion and formed the Swarajya Party.
• He was elected to the Central Legislative Assembly in 1923.
He also joined Congress where Poorna Swaraj was announced but after the end of Salt Satyagrah, he became a fierce critic of Gandhi and a strong ally of Subhas Chandra Bose.
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