A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, the 11th President of India and a pioneer in national programs and missiles, passed away on July 27, 2015.
He was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1997, Padma Vibhushan in 1990 and Padma Bhushan in 1981.
Here is a detailed look at his success.
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (1931-2015)
Time line
»1931: Born Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam on October 15, Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu.
»1954: Graduates of Physics from Saint Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli, 1954.
»1960: Aeronautical Engineering degree from Madras Institute of Technology
»1969: Transferred to ISRO from DRDO.
»1980: India enters the space club by placing the Rohini satellite in orbit around the earth with the first native Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III), developed under the direction of Dr. Kalam.
»1980s-1990s: As Head of the Integrated Metal Development Program, he was responsible for the development and operation of AGNI and PRITHVI arrows.
»1992-1999: serves as Chief Science Adviser to the Prime Minister and Secretary of the DRDO.
»1998: India conducts nuclear tests by Pokhran II in May with Dr. Kalam as chief project coordinator.
»1999-2001: Chief Science Adviser to the Government of India.
»2002-2007: President of India
> A.P.J. Abdul Kalam passes away
The 11th President of India, best known as the “President of the people”, passed away on July 27, 2015 after a fall while teaching at the Indian Institute of Management in Shillong.
> Mr. Kalam during the years
Check out photos from The Hindu archives of the former president.
»Mr Kalam's latest article in The Hindu talks about neutrino research.
> Read here.
»Failed in my dream of becoming a pilot: Mr Kalam says in a new book.
> Read here.
»The former President's memorabilia at his Rameswaram residence attracts visitors.
> Know more.
»Dr APJ Abdul Kalam's view of the nation. Teacher's Day message from former President,
> only The Hindu In School.
Obesity flows in
> The seer and the dreamer
Abdul Kalam was an institution- and formed a party that always wanted India to be strong and confident.
> Teacher to the end
If people remembered me as a good teacher, that would be a great honor for me, he used to say.
> Depression of Kalam House
As news spreads
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen fully Abdul Kalam, (born October 15, 1931, Rameswaram, India - died July 27, 2015, Shillong), Indian scientist and politician Indian archers and nuclear weapons. He was president of India from 2002 to 2007.
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam served as president of the Republic of India from 2002 to 2007. As president, Kalam encouraged the advancement of the national nuclear weapons program. Kalam also made a 20-year plan to achieve economic growth through technological development in India.
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam went to the Madras Institute of Technology, where he obtained a degree in aerospace engineering in 1960. After graduation he joined the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) —an Indian military research institute — and later became the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). . Kalam's organizations were not limited to research organizations: he also joined political parties, such as the National Democratic Alliance (NDA).
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam created the Technology Vision 2020 project in 1998. The project sought to develop the Indian economy technologically, especially as it is used in agriculture, and to increase access to health care and education. Out of respect for Kalam's services in the country and widespread popularity, the National Democratic Alliance elected him president in 2002.
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam has won numerous awards, both from the Indian government and the international community. His most prestigious awards were Padma Vibhushan, which won in 1990, and the Bharat Ratna, which he won in 1997, for his contributions to science and engineering and to government service.
Kalam graduated with a degree in civil engineering from the Madras Institute of Technology and in 1958 joined the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO). In 1969 he moved to the Indian Space Research Organization, where he was the project manager for SLV-III, the first satellite launch vehicle built and manufactured in India. To join the DRDO in 1982, Kalam organized a program that produced a number of successful arrows, which enabled him to earn the nickname "Missile Man." Among those achievements was Agni, India's first mid-range arrow, which incorporated SLV-III features and was launched in 1989.
From 1992 to 1997 Kalam was a scientific adviser to the defense minister, and later served as a senior science adviser (1999-2001) to the government with the position of cabinet minister. His outstanding role in nuclear testing in 1998 strengthened India as a nuclear power and established Kalam as a national hero, although the tests caused great concern to the international community. In 1998 Kalam launched a national program called Technology Vision 2020, which he described as a road map to transform India from a less developed society to a more developed society in 20 years. The plan required that, among other things, increase agricultural productivity, emphasize technology as a means to grow the economy, and increase access to health and education.
In 2002 India's National Democratic Alliance (NDA) led Kalam to replace outgoing President Kocheril Raman Narayanan. Kalam was nominated by the Hindu Nationalist (Hindutva) NDA despite being a Muslim, and his status and appeal were so popular that even the opposition party, the Indian National Congress, also proposed running in the election. Kalam easily won the election and was sworn in as the 11th President of India, a military position in particular, in July 2002. She resigned at the end of her term in 2007 and was succeeded by Pratibha Patil, the country's first female president.
Returning to public life, Kalam remained committed to using science and technology to transform India into a developed country and worked as a lecturer at several universities. On July 27, 2015, he fainted while delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong and was pronounced dead of a recent heart attack.
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